Non-coding (ncRNAs) are a large class of RNAs which do not encode proteins but possess regulatory functions at the level of translation in cells of various species. There are an increasing amount of data suggesting that there are likely many more ncRNAs that exist, yet to be discovered. Custom small RNA discovery microarrays have been shown to be an effective approach for uncovering novel ncRNAs experimentally1 and/or to validate predicted candidate ncRNAs2.
Recently, researchers at Baylor College of Medicine employed a discovery strategy of computational prediction and microarray expression profiling to uncover a large number of novel small RNAs in embryonic stem (ES) cells3. Dr. Preethi Gunaratne and co-workers reported using computation, custom small RNA microarray from LC Sciences, and validation experiments to uncover hundreds of novel small RNAs in ES cells. These small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) were from adult tissue progenitor transcript sequences and are micro-conserved elements. The detection probes were designed for custom array synthesis by LC Sciences, Houston, TX (www.lcsciences.com) and included the standard microRNA (miRNA) sequences in miRBase4, a comprehensive panel of 2,617 micro-conserved ncRNA sequences, and several hundreds of literature reported small RNAs or miRNAs. Two generations of custom array designs were used for optimizing the probes. These profiling studies using ES cell lines as well as normal adult mouse tissues identified 545 small RNAs that are enriched in ES cells over adult cells. Of these, more than 100 exhibited down-regulation in ES gene-knockout cells typical of miRNA.
In a similar way, LC Sciences' custom small RNA arrays have provided means for validation of computational predictions of Bombyx mori (silkworm)5 and Solanum lycopersicum (Tomato)6 miRNAs. These are species whose genomes are incomplete at the present time. It is well known that miRNAs are important players for regulation of cellular activities. Therefore, the establishment of miRNAs in these traditional industrial or agricultural important species should lead to better understanding of the fundamentals of their growth, maturation, and disease-resistance.
The small RNA discoveries were made possible, in part, by LC Sciences' small RNA discovery service. Using an innovative µParaflo® platform technology and proprietary probe design, it enables highly sensitive and specific direct detection of small RNAs in your sample. This service is comprehensive; from array design to sample to complete data set, allowing efficient and reliable discovery of novel miRNA and other types of ncRNAs.
The new Bombyx and Solanum sequences were included as part of the latest update to the miRBase sequence database of experimentally verified miRNAs. The Sanger Institute released the latest version (12.0) of miRBase on September 1st.
(http://microrna.sanger.ac.uk/sequences/) The number of verified miRNAs has been increased from 6396 to 8619 hairpin precursor miRNAs expressing 8273 mature miRNA products. With the addition of 2062 new mature miRNA sequences, this represents the largest update in miRBase history.
Many sequences have been updated or revised. For the first time, miRNAs are reported from: eleven new Drosophila species, Platypus, Tomato, Red Flour Bettle, and two Polyomaviruses. There has been a significant increase in the number of miRNAs reported for Human and model species such as Chimpanzee, Mouse, and Arabidopsis as well as agriculturally important species such as Rice, Soybean, Pig, and Chicken.
The updated probe content from miRBase version 12.0 is currently available on all of our standard or custom small RNA microarrays.
More information about LC Sciences' Small Non-coding RNA Discovery Service and the µParaflo® technology is available at: http://www.lcsciences.com/small_non_coding.html.
About LC Sciences - LC Sciences is a genomics and proteomics products company offering a comprehensive line of DNA, RNA, and peptide microarrays for nucleic acid/protein profiling and functional analysis, biomarker-discovery, novel drug screening, and the custom development of miniaturized assay devices for diagnostics and biosensing applications. Based on the µParaflo® microfluidics technology, LC Sciences' innovative products offer significant flexibility and customization capability for rapidly evolving, diverse customer needs. In an era of rapid technological advancement, LC Sciences offers service products which enable efficient one-stop solution for assays of DNA, RNA, protein, enzymes, antibodies, or small molecules. LC Sciences also provides unique synthetic DNA and RNA products such as OligoMix®, generated using their microfludic biochip synthesizer. These innovative products drive synthetic biology and systems biology applications by reducing the cost and increasing the speed of highly multiplexing large-scale nucleic acid and protein engineering experiments.
More information about LC Sciences is available at www.lcsciences.com.
1. Vagin VV, Sigova A, Li C, Seitz H, Gvozdev V, Zamore PD. (2006) A distinct small RNA pathway silences selfish genetic elements in the germline. Science 313(5785), 320-324.
2. Cummins JM, He Y, Leary RJ, Pagliarini R, Diaz L.A Jr, Sjoblom T, Barad O, Bentwich Z, Szafranska AE, Labourier E, et al. (2006) The colorectal microRNAome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103, 3687-92.
3. Gu P, Reid JG, Gao X, Shaw CA, Creighton C, Tran PL, Zhou X, Drabek RB, Steffen DL, Hoang DM, Weiss MK, Naghavi AO, El-daye J, Khan MF, Legge GB, Wheeler DA, Gibbs RA, Miller JN, Cooney AJ, Gunaratne PH. (2008) Novel MicroRNA Candidates and miRNA-mRNA Pairs in Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells. PloS One 3(7), e2548.
4. Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, van Dongen S, Bateman A, Enright A. miRBase: microRNA sequences, targets and gene nomenclature. Nucleic Acids Res 34(Database issue), D140-D144.
5. He PA, Nie Z, Chen J, Chen J, Lv Z, Sheng Q, Zhou S, Gao X, Kong L, Wu X, Jin Y, Zhang Y. (2008) Identification and characteristics of microRNAs from Bombyx mori. BMC Genomics 9(1), 248.
6. Zhang J, Zeng R, Chen J, Liu X, Liao Q. (2008) Identification of conserved microRNAs and their targets from Solanum lycopersicum Mill. Gene (Epub ahead of print).
###
Maternity Jeans - What You Should Know
Pregnant moms who become plus sized, love maternity jeans, as they do not want to miss out on the comfort of denim, while their abdomen is expanding for the developing baby. You will find that till about the fourth month or the second trimester, regular plus size jeans can be worn.
YMI Jeans - Official Jeanswear Sponsor of Miss Universe Pageants 2007
YMI Official Jeans for Miss USA, Miss Universe, Miss Teen USA 2007
Beautiful Plus Size Clothing is Available for the Sexy Full Size Women
America is known for its population of larger people. Men and women alike have a hard time finding plus size clothing that is in style. Though the population of the country is larger, the fashion industry is more revolved around those who are teeny tiny. This may affect both men and women but none worse than the beautiful plus sized women.
Your Plus Size Lingerie Clothing Sytle
You are feeling full of anticipation and naughty. You are waiting for your husband to come home. You dab on the most provocative perfume you own, which is your husbands favorite. You are wearing a teddy with a leopard print. While checking yourself in the mirror you look at your choice of your accessories and smile to yourself. You feel so vamped up.
Plus Size Lingerie: Stylish & Sexy Lingerie
Back in the day, plus-size women had little hopes in terms of finding sexy plus-size lingerie. Most of the material was uncomfortable and the varieties available were less than perfect. Finding seductive lingerie for a plus-size woman became an unfeasible undertaking.
Fashionable Designer Lingerie and Branded Lingerie
Beauty of a woman is a matchless attribute; with nothing to surpass it. So long a time there have been the existence of women in this world, there have been lingerie's as well. This fashion serving luxury undergarment expresses her beauty loving feminine personality, apart from the basic need of supporting her physique. Though the word 'lingerie' normally describes both male and female undergarments, the term is commonly used to refer woman's intimate wear. Lingerie is a broad term and includes garments like bras, panties, stockings, thongs, garters, peignoirs, sheer night gowns, and exotic night wears
Selecting Your Plus Size Maternity Work Clothes Wardrobe
Around the three or four month mark of your pregnancy you will want to buy some maternity clothes that are appropriate for wearing to work. Many women now work almost up until their baby is born and they want to look professional at work. When your clothes start to feel a little tight you should start thinking about purchasing maternity clothes.
Great Top Picks For Nursing Clothes And Maternity Clothes
Many first time moms often think that once they have their baby they can just slip back into their pre-pregnancy wardrobe after a week or two Not so
Plus Size Maternity Jeans - What You Should Know
Pregnant moms who become plus sized, love maternity jeans, as they do not want to miss out on the comfort of denim, while their abdomen is expanding for the developing baby. You will find that till about the fourth month or the second trimester, regular plus size jeans can be worn.
Branding Article: Pepsis Missed Brand Opportunity
I love Pepsi. It's that slightly sweeter taste and the all-American logo combined with the non-conformist statement that, well, it's not Coke.